django-rest-framework 系列教程(一)- Start Your API

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使用的环境:

  • python 2.7.10
  • Django 1.8.5
  • djangorestframework 3.4.4
创建项目

startproject rest_api

创建 APP

startapp task

配置 rest_api/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'task',

)
配置 rest_api/urls.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import url, include

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^api/', include('task.urls')),
]
创建模型 task/models.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models


class Task(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField('描述')
    completed = models.BooleanField('是否完成', default=False)
    create_date = models.DateTimeField('创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.title
序列化 task/serializers.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Task


class TaskSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Task
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'description', 'completed', 'create_date')
视图 task/views.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import generics

from .models import Task
from .serializers import TaskSerializer


# 第一种方式:APIView
class TaskList(APIView):
    def get(self, request, format=None):
        tasks = Task.objects.all()
        serializer = TaskSerializer(tasks, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = TaskSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)


# 第二种方式:通用视图 ListCreateAPIView
class TaskListCreate(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Task.objects.all()
    serializer_class = TaskSerializer


# 第三种方式:装饰器 api_view
@api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
def task_list(request):
    '''
    List all tasks, or create a new task.
    '''
    if request.method == 'GET':
        tasks = Task.objects.all()
        serializer = TaskSerializer(tasks, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        serializer = TaskSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)


@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def task_detail(request, pk):
    try:
        task = Task.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Task.DoesNotExist:
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

    if request.method == 'GET':
        serializer = TaskSerializer(task)
        return Response(serializer.data)
    elif request.method == 'PUT':
        serializer = TaskSerializer(task, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
    elif request.method == 'DELETE':
        task.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
路由 task/urls.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import  url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^tasks/$', views.task_list, name='task_list'),
    # url(r'^tasks/$', views.TaskList.as_view(), name='task_list'),
    # url(r'^tasks/$', views.TaskListCreate.as_view(), name='task_list'),
    url(r'^tasks/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', views.task_detail, name='task_detail'),
]
Command Line
curl http://localhost:8000/api/tasks/
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/tasks/ -d "title=hello world&description=a whole new world"
curl -X PUT http://localhost:8000/api/tasks/1 -d "title=hello world&description=be nice"
curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8000/api/tasks/1
效果截图

Task List – Django REST framework

Task Detail – Django REST framework