Linux Dailly - 快车库

1. rpm简单命令

查看已经安装的软件 rpm -qa | grep mysql
强力卸载软件 rpm -e --nodeps mysql
安装软件 rpm -ivy xxx.rpm

2. yum下载源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d

如果是RHEL, 则/etc/yum.repos.d下没有任何源.
可以通过rpm -ivh epel*.rpm安装源. 安装后会在/etc/yum.repos.d下生成repl.repo文件.
如果是CentOS, 则有CentOS-Base.repo. 在确保虚拟机能够ping通外网, 可以直接通过wget获取文件.

RHEL使用163源

http://boris05.blog.51cto.com/1073705/1439865

删除redhat原有的yum源 rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps

下载yum安装文件 163 6.5

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm 
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

进行安装yum

rpm -ivh python*
rpm -ivh yum*

更改yum源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo 

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
#[addons]
#name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update

EPEL-7 下载源

# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-1.noarch.rpm 
# rpm -ivh epel-release-7-1.noarch.rpm 
# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

EPEL-6 下载源

# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm   
# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm 
# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

注意如果是CentOS, 则最后的rpm --import要修改成CentOS-6

CentOS使用阿里云源

CentOS-163源

对于CentOS, /etc/yum.repos.d下有CentOS-Base.repo, 可以直接用别的源替换默认的, 或者新增加源.

# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo 

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
yum makecache

更新源

# yum clean all 
# yum makecache 
# yum update 
# yum repolist

3. 安装基本软件

1. 确保能够上网, 并且yum repolist有数据, 比如先下个163的源.
当服务器稳定之后, 可以禁用源(文件后缀改下即可)

# yum install wget

**2.英文环境 **

# vi ~/.bashrc 
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
# source ~/.bashrc 
# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n 
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

3. 安装gcc, git等

# yum group install "Development Tools"     --> CentOS6要使用yum groupinstall中间没有空格!
# yum grouplist 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager 
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. 
Setting up Group Process 
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 
Installed Groups: 
   Console internet tools 
   Development tools 
   E-mail server 
   Perl Support 
   Security Tools

这里已经安装了Development tools, 所以会显示在Installed Groups里. 注意不是yum group list
如果没有安装, 会显示在Available Groups里. 上一步的英文环境很重要, 否则如果是中文环境, 你就不知道要安装哪个组了.

4.yum安装MySQL客户端和服务器

# yum info mysql 
# yum list | grep mysql 
# yum groupinfo "MySQL Database server" 
# yum groupinfo "MySQL Database client" 
 Mandatory Packages: 
   mysql 
 Default Packages: 
   MySQL-python 
   mysql-connector-odbc 
 Optional Packages: 
   libdbi-dbd-mysql 
   mysql-connector-java 
   perl-DBD-MySQL

当然也可以单独一个一个安装. 同样要注意在/etc/yum.repos.d中要存在163, 或者epel等源. 否则如果没有源, 安装任何软件都没有数据.

http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoluo501395377/archive/2013/04/07/3003278.htm...

# yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel 
# service mysqld start 
# netstat -anpt | grep 3306 
# chkconfig --add mysqld 
# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld 
# chkconfig mysqld on 
# mysqladmin -u root password 'root' 
# mysql -u root -p 
> show databases;

5. nginx

源码安装方式: http://network810.blog.51cto.com/2212549/1264669
yum源安装: nginx默认不在源里. 需要自己去nginx官网下载repo文件. 下载完后可以删除或者备份.

CentOS 
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo 
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
RHEL
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo 
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
# yum install nginx

如果服务器开启防火墙, 则要开放80端口

# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables 
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m    tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

重启防火墙

# service iptables restart

启动nginx方法. 显然第一种方法最快

# service nginx start 

# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin 
# ./nginx 

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

同mysqld加入到chkconfig的方式开机启动, 也可以把nginx加入开机启动项中.
如果提示没有nginx这个service, 参考 http://www.01happy.com/centos-nginx-shell-chkconfig
可以在主机的浏览器上查看, 或者查看端口号80是否开启

# netstat –na|grep 80 
# ps -ef | grep nginx

6. scp文件拷贝

在主机中要拷贝文件到虚拟机中

[主机]# scp xxx root@h101:~/ 
bash: scp: command not found 
lost connection 
[虚机]# yum install openssh-clients

7. http虚拟机yum源

# yum install -y httpd

将主机上的iso文件拷贝到虚拟机中

[主机]# scp **.iso root@h101:~/ 
[虚机]# mount -o loop CentOS*.iso /var/www/html

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/http-local.repo 
[http-local]
name=http-local-on
baseurl=http://192.168.56.101/CentOS_6.5_Final
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

8. http主机yum源

上面的方式会将iso文件拷贝到虚拟机中, 占用本来空间就不多的虚拟机.
可以不用这种方式, 而是在主机中安装httpd服务器(或者nginx), 在虚拟机中直接能访问也可以.

9. 虚拟机ftp客户端

◇ 主机中开启vsftpd服务, 虚拟机中安装ftp客户端,

# yum install ftp 
# ftp 192.168.56.1 
Connected to 192.168.56.1 (192.168.56.1). 
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 
Name (192.168.56.1:root): anonymous 
331 Please specify the password. 
Password: 
230 Login successful. 
Remote system type is UNIX. 
Using binary mode to transfer files. 
ftp>ls      ftp服务器当前位置的文件列表
ftp>!Ls     ftp客户端当前位置的文件列表

10. SVN

1). 查看服务器系统是否已经安装SVN

[root@datanode01 svn]# svn --version
svn，版本 1.6.11 (r934486)   编译于 Apr 12 2012，11:09:11
可使用以下的版本库访问模块: 
* ra_neon : 通过 WebDAV 协议使用 neon 访问版本库的模块。
  - 处理“http”方案
  - 处理“https”方案
* ra_svn : 使用 svn 网络协议访问版本库的模块。  - 使用 Cyrus SASL 认证
  - 处理“svn”方案
* ra_local : 访问本地磁盘的版本库模块。
  - 处理“file”方案

说明svn已经安装, 并且支持http访问方式.

[root@datanode01 svn]# whereis httpd
httpd: /usr/sbin/httpd.event /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd.worker /etc/httpd /usr/lib64/httpd /usr/include/httpd /usr/share/man/man8/httpd.8.gz
[root@datanode01 svn]# whereis svn
svn: /usr/bin/svn /usr/share/man/man1/svn.1.gz
[root@datanode01 svn]# whereis svnserve
svnserve: /usr/bin/svnserve /usr/share/man/man8/svnserve.8.gz

2). 创建版本仓库

◆ 新建一个目录用于存储SVN所有文件

mkdir /data/data8/svn

◆ 新建一个版本仓库

svnadmin create /data/data8/svn/project

◆ 修改 vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/passwd 添加用户

[users]  
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret
admin = admin123
zhengqh = zhengqh

◆ 修改 vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/authz 修改用户访问策略

[groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe
group1 = admin,zhengqh

[/]
@group1 = rw

◆ 修改 vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/svnserve.conf文件,让用户和策略配置升效.

[general]  
anon-access = none
auth-access = write
password-db = /data/data8/svn/project/conf/passwd
authz-db = /data/data8/svn/project/conf/authz

◆ 启动服务器

svnserve -d -r /data/data8/svn

◆ 测试checkout代码库

cd ~
svn co svn://172.17.212.69/project

显示如下就表示成功了:

Authentication realm: <svn://172.17.212.69:3690> e296f93b-eec2-43dd-92b5-cc10ee55c901
Password for 'root':
Authentication realm: <svn://172.17.212.69:3690> e296f93b-eec2-43dd-92b5-cc10ee55c901
Username: admin
Password for 'admin': ***

3). 配置支持使用http访问

◆ 创建svn帐号或修改密码：

/usr/bin/htpasswd -b -c /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file admin admin123
/usr/bin/htpasswd -b /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file zhengqh zhengqh

-c表示不存在这个文件时创建它. 注意第一行加-c, 后面添加用户不能加-c, 否则会发生覆盖.

◆ 修改svn用户访问策略

vi /data/data8/svn/svn-access-file
[project:/]
admin = rw
zhengqh = rw

◆ 修改svn目录权限

chmod -R 777 /data/data8/svn/project

◆ 查看svn和httpd依赖的文件:

# cd /etc/httpd/modules
# ls | grep svn
mod_authz_svn.so
mod_dav_svn.so

◆ 修改 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 增加

LoadModule dav_svn_module     /etc/httpd/modules/mod_dav_svn.so
LoadModule authz_svn_module   /etc/httpd/modules/mod_authz_svn.so

<Location /svn>
    DAV svn
    SVNParentPath /data/data8/svn
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Subversion repository"
    AuthUserFile /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file
    Require valid-user
    AuthzSVNAccessFile /data/data8/svn/svn-access-file
</Location>

◆ 启动apache httpd服务

下面几个命令只要执行其中一个即可(最后一个/usr/local一般用于自定义安装httpd才使用)

# /usr/sbin/apachectl start
# /etc/init.d/httpd start
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

◆ 重启svn服务

# ps -ef | grep svn
root     41348     1  0 11:22 ?        00:00:00 svnserve -d -r /data/data8/svn
root     41971 40812  0 11:39 pts/2    00:00:00 grep svn
# kill -9  41348
# svnserve -d -r /data/data8/svn

4). 用户维护

vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/passwd
添加用户名 = 密码
vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/authz
添加用户名到group1中
执行命令:   /usr/bin/htpasswd -b /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file 用户名 密码
添加用户的访问策略
vi /data/data8/svn/svn-access-file
用户名 = rw