RxJava初级解析(一)

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扔物线大大的文章确实写的牛 扔物线,看了他的文章受益匪浅,文中很多会引用到他的一些分析,没有看过他的文章的建议先看一下。

一.概述

先简单介绍一下RxJava的思想

RxJava 有四个基本概念:Observable (可观察者,即被观察者)、 Observer (观察者)、 subscribe (订阅)、事件。Observable 和 Observer 通过 subscribe() 方法实现订阅关系,从而 Observable 可以在需要的时候发出事件来通知 Observer。

概念介绍

1.Observable(可观察者,即被观察者)

事件的触发者。

2.Observer/Subscriber(观察者)

事件的产生者

3.subscribe(订阅)

可被观察者和观察者之间的桥梁

4.事件

产生的事件

5.总结

举个例子:我是一名读者杂志会员,我想订阅读者期刊,当我订阅之后,读者工作室就会每个月给我发一本读者杂志。在这个事件中,我就是一名被观察者,读者工作室就是观察者,因为我一旦产生订阅这件事,就会触发读者工作室的一系列动作。

二.实例解析

1.最简单的例子

observable(可被观察者)

        Observable observable = Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<String>() {

            @Override
            public void call(Subscriber<? super String> subscriber) {
                subscriber.onNext("test1");
                subscriber.onNext("test2");
                subscriber.onCompleted();
            }
        });

subscriber/observer(观察者)


private Subscriber<String> subscribe = new Subscriber<String>() {
    @Override
    public void onCompleted() {
        Log.e("HP", "onCompleted");
    }

    @Override
    public void onError(Throwable e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onNext(String s) {
        Log.e("HP", s);
    }
};

subscribe(订阅)

observable.subscribe(subscribe);

执行以上代码会打印出如下结果

test1
test2
onCompleted

这样一个最简单的RxJava代码就完成了。

为什么在call方法中调用onNext(),onCompleted()会触发subscriber/observer中对应的方法呢?接下来一起看一下源码,看看是如何订阅成功的。

进入到Observable.create()方法


     public final static <T> Observable<T> create(OnSubscribe<T> f) {
            return new Observable<T>(hook.onCreate(f));
        }

protected Observable(OnSubscribe<T> f) {
    this.onSubscribe = f;
}

这里创建了一个Observable对象,同时通过构造函数将 f 赋值给Observalbe类中的onSubscribe

进入到subscribe方法

  

      public final Subscription subscribe(Subscriber<? super T> subscriber) {
            return Observable.subscribe(subscriber, this);
        }
        
        private static <T> Subscription subscribe(Subscriber<? super T> subscriber, Observable<T> observable) {
         // validate and proceed
            if (subscriber == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("observer can not be null");
            }
            if (observable.onSubscribe == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("onSubscribe function can not be null.");
                /*
                 * the subscribe function can also be overridden but generally that's not the appropriate approach
                 * so I won't mention that in the exception
                 */
            }
            
            // new Subscriber so onStart it
            subscriber.onStart();
            
            /*
             * See https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJava/issues/216 for discussion on "Guideline 6.4: Protect calls
             * to user code from within an Observer"
             */
            // if not already wrapped
            if (!(subscriber instanceof SafeSubscriber)) {
                // assign to `observer` so we return the protected version
                subscriber = new SafeSubscriber<T>(subscriber);
            }
    
            // The code below is exactly the same an unsafeSubscribe but not used because it would 
            // add a significant depth to already huge call stacks.
            try {
                // allow the hook to intercept and/or decorate
                hook.onSubscribeStart(observable, observable.onSubscribe).call(subscriber);
                return hook.onSubscribeReturn(subscriber);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                // special handling for certain Throwable/Error/Exception types
                Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
                // if an unhandled error occurs executing the onSubscribe we will propagate it
                try {
                    subscriber.onError(hook.onSubscribeError(e));
                } catch (Throwable e2) {
                    Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e2);
                    // if this happens it means the onError itself failed (perhaps an invalid function implementation)
                    // so we are unable to propagate the error correctly and will just throw
                    RuntimeException r = new RuntimeException("Error occurred attempting to subscribe [" + e.getMessage() + "] and then again while trying to pass to onError.", e2);
                    // TODO could the hook be the cause of the error in the on error handling.
                    hook.onSubscribeError(r);
                    // TODO why aren't we throwing the hook's return value.
                    throw r;
                }
                return Subscriptions.unsubscribed();
            }
        }

我们看到

hook.onSubscribeStart(observable, observable.onSubscribe).call(subscriber);

其中hook.onSubscribeStart返回的是create()方法中创建的OnSubscribe对象,即上文中提到的 onSubscribe ,在这里调用OnSubscribe 中的call方法,将subscriber/observer传递到call方法中,所以我们在call中调用onNext(),onError(),onCompleted()会触发observer中对应的方法,从而达到了事件通知的效果。

2.订阅Action

观察者除了我们的subscriber/observer之外,还可以是Action

再看一个例子
定义一个action


private Action1<String> action1 = new Action1<String>() {
    @Override
    public void call(String s) {
        Log.e("HP",s);
    }
};

observable.subscribe(action1);

再看输出结果

test1
test2

不出所料,输出结果与预期的相同。
进入subscribe方法看以看究竟


    public final Subscription subscribe(final Action1<? super T> onNext) {
            if (onNext == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("onNext can not be null");
            }
    
            return subscribe(new Subscriber<T>() {
    
                @Override
                public final void onCompleted() {
                    // do nothing
                }
    
                @Override
                public final void onError(Throwable e) {
                    throw new OnErrorNotImplementedException(e);
                }
    
                @Override
                public final void onNext(T args) {
                    onNext.call(args);
                }
    
            });

原来在subscribe方法中将我们的action转换成了subscribe。
所以通过action你可以自定义一些实现onNext(),onError(),onComplete()方法的action,这些action通常是可以作为公用的操作。

这些仅仅是RxJava最基础用法的一个解析。