Invert Binary Tree
Invert a binary tree.
4 / \ 2 7 / \ / \ 1 3 6 9
to
4 / \ 7 2 / \ / \ 9 6 3 1
Trivia: This problem was inspired by this original tweet by Max
Howell:Google: 90% of our engineers use the software you wrote (Homebrew), but you can’t invert a binary tree on a whiteboard so fuck off.
递归法
复杂度
时间 O(N) 空间 O(N) 递归栈空间
思路
这个难倒Max Howell大神的题也是非常经典的一道测试对二叉树遍历理解的题。递归的终止条件是当遇到空节点或叶子节点时,不再交换,直接返回该节点。对于其他的节点,我们分别交换它的左子树和右子树,然后将交换过后的左子树赋给右节点,右子树赋给左节点。代码给出的是后序遍历的自下而上的交换,先序遍历的话就是自上而下的交换。
代码
public class TreeNode {
int val;
TreeNode left;
TreeNode right;
TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
public class Solution {
public TreeNode invertTree(TreeNode root) {
if(root == null || (root.left == null && root.right == null)) return root;
TreeNode newLeft = invertTree(root.right);
TreeNode newRight = invertTree(root.left);
root.left = newLeft;
root.right = newRight;
return root;
}
}
迭代法
复杂度
时间 O(N) 空间 O(1)
思路
迭代法的思路是BFS或者DFS,这两种方法都可以实现,实际上也是二叉树的遍历。BFS用Queue实现,DFS的话将代码中的Queue换成Stack。
代码
public class Solution {
public TreeNode invertTree(TreeNode root) {
Queue<TreeNode> q = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
if(root!=null) q.offer(root);
while(!q.isEmpty()){
TreeNode curr = q.poll();
TreeNode tmp = curr.right;
curr.right = curr.left;
curr.left = tmp;
if(curr.left!=null) q.offer(curr.left);
if(curr.right!=null) q.offer(curr.right);
}
return root;
}
}